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HUMAN
RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AS CORRELATES OF SCHOOL PRODUCTIVITY
ABSTRACT
The study
investigated the planning of educational resources for school effectiveness in
selected secondary schools in Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State.
The study equally reviewed some important and extensive literatures under
sub-headings. The descriptive research survey design was applied in the
assessment of respondents’ opinions towards the subject matter. In this study,
five null hypotheses were formulated and tested with the application of the
independent t-test and the Pearson Product Moment Correltional Coefficient Statistical
tools at 0.05 significance level. Also, the simple percentage frequency counts
was used to analyse the questionnaire response of the selected respondents
together with the research questions. A total of 200 (two hundred) respondents,
50 (fifty) teachers and 150 (one hundred and fifty) students were selected for
this study. At the end of the data analyses, the following results were
obtained thus: that there is a significant relationship between educational
planning and utilization of educational resources in the school, that there is
a significant relationship between planning of educational resources and their
implementation in the school, that there is a significant relationship between
educational resources planning and teachers’ productivity in the school, that
there is a significant relationship between teachers’ experience and
educational resources planning, and that
there is no significant gender difference in the academic achievement of
students due to educational resources planning. Based on the conclusions
reached at the end of this study, the following recommendations are made by the
researcher: Nigerian educational plans should be short-term based. This will
enable educational planners to solve short-term educational issues and manpower
planning and educational development should be the watchwords of Nigerian
educational managers.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
In
education, the importance of human resource planning and management cannot be
overemphasized. This is because, the role played by human resource management
and planning on the achievement of education objectives cannot be neglected
(Iyede, 2000). According to Odenu (2002), human resource planning and
management involves planning, leading, directing and a number of other
activities in order to achieve efficient utilization. Precisely, it involves
integrating society’s needs with educational objectives, among other things.
In addition,
the extent to which an organization like education, attains her objectives are directly
proportional to the human resources available and their planning and
management. In another development, Anyanwuocha (2000) described human resource
as the most vital of the resources in the educational enterprise. The term,
personnel administration refers to management of human resources, the
acquisition of personnel and co-ordination of performance within the
organization. Cubson (1985) opined that there are many literature in the area
of human resource planning and management.
Peretomode
(2003) and Nwangwu (2004), state that human researches planning and management
are variously referred to as personnel management. They observed that human
resource management and planning are that functions of all enterprises which
provides for effective utilization of human resources in order to achieve both
the objectives of the enterprise and the satisfaction and development of the
employees. According to them, without the planning and management of human
resources, the staff in the education sector would not be effectively harnessed
and managed for effective utilization in education, especially in the teaching
and learning processes.
The
component part of management concerned with facilitating the accomplishment of
the objectives of an organization through the systematic management of
constraints and careful utilization of the available, limited resources which
include human, material, equipment supplies, finance and work techniques or
technology is known as administration (Peretomode, 2003). According to him,
while management deals with the formation of plans, organization of programmes
and formulation of policies, administration is fundamentally concerned with the
execution and implementation of the formulated policies, plans or ideas and
programmes. As Amaonye (2000) puts it, administrators are more of implementers
of policies and programmes rather than formulators of programmes and
administration, like management, involves such elements and activities as
planning, organizing, staffing, budgeting, coordinating, reporting and
evaluating, but this is done on a smaller scale when it is compared with
management.
According to
Ezewu (2003), the school management in the traditional sense is often thought
of as involving the management and planning of human resource such as men
(teachers and students), and perhaps money (school finance). The buildings,
school space, and equipment are usually taken for granted for they are assumed
to be there or “on the ground” as it were and therefore should not be given
attention. But this assumption is unwarranted for they are actually not there.
Onyeuke
(2000) observed that school facilities mean substantial costs to the school
system for their establishment. According to him, if they are not properly
maintained and managed, they depreciate and become dilapidated and even wear
out faster than their normal “life span”. Also if not properly utilized, the
school would not derive optimum benefits from their use. This will have
negative result on the school performance and productivity. This is because,
schools where there are poor human resource in terms of the personnel, there
won’t be quality teaching and learning process, and poor management standards
will be the order of the day.
According to
Akambi (2000), there are indices for high performance school orgnisations; the
followings are the characteristics of high performance school organizations:
(1) High quality of teachers.
(2) Leadership quality.
(3) Effective school climate.
(4) Effective school plants.
(5) High students’ academic performance.
(6) Good teacher-principal relationship.
(7) Good teacher-teacher relationship.
(8) Good teacher-student relationship.
(9) Good student-student relationship.
Given the
increasingly volatile and complex nature and structure of the Nigerian school
system, two basic factors are important for Nigerian educational success:
capital and the human resource. Capital or fund, whether acquired through loans
or government budgetary allocation, is by far, easier to manage, control and
use optimally going by certain predetermined economic and managerial
parameters. On the other hand, the acquired quantity and quality of the human
resource is often hard to acquire as at when needed unless the need is preceded
by long term planning (Banjoko, 2006).
By its
nature, the human resource is complex, unpredictable and sometimes difficult to
change. It required long period of development, and may not be available in the
right quantity or quality when needed. Yet it is the most vital and critical
resource required for organizational or institutional performance. According to
Nwachukwu (2000), teachers significantly affect the success of school as an
organization. Teachers, depending on how they are selected and acquired, will
bring few or many problems to the school. This is because, people often make
their own as well as organizational life relatively pleasant or unpleasant. In
short, the viability, growth and survival of any organization are tied to the
availability of competent and well developed staff within the organization at
the appropriate time.
Human
resource planning and management can therefore, be described as that part of
the overall organization, planning and management processes by which an
organization tries to ensure that it had the right number of staff and the
right kind of staff at the right time, at the right places performing functions
which are economically useful and which satisfy the needs of the organization
and equally provides satisfaction for the individuals involved (Rowland, 2007).
In Nigeria
school system, it is one thing to plan for human resource, it is another thing
to manage and implement that which has been planned. According to Onuoha
(2001), the implementation of the existing human resource is faulty. Planning
and management of manpower in any organization such as the school, is as
important as the implementation of the plan. Implementation of any plan, be it
human resource or the curriculum of any school system, is where there is a lot
of problem in this country. Any plan without proper execution or
implementation, cannot be said to be in existence.
Statement of
the Problem
The problem
inherent in the examination of educational resources for school effectiveness
in selected secondary schools cannot be overemphasized. This is because, it is
seemingly impossible for the secondary school system to grow and flourish
without adequate plans and management being put in place and implemented on
educational resources which include financial resources, physical resources and
especially human resource. The management of human resource in Nigeria lacks
effectiveness. No wonder there is under utilization of the human and material
resources planned for the Nigerian education system. In most cases, some of the
educational planners and managers of the Nigerian educational system are not
experts and well experienced in planning and management of education. For
instance, in many cases there is putting round hole in square pegs sort of
employment and placement of those who plan and manage our human and material
resources for education in Nigeria (Asoluka, 2000) and this has caused the
problem of educational growth and development in Nigeria today for human
resource management begets poor or low secondary school organisational
performance.
The above
problems gave rise to the examination of human resources management and high
performance secondary school organisation in Lagos State.
Purpose of
the Study
The
objectives of this study include to:
(1) ascertain whether management of human
resource affects the utilization of educational resources in the school.
(2) examine whether there is a
relationship between management of human resource and their implementation in
Nigeria.
(3) investigate whether a relationship
exists between management of human resource and teacher’s productivity in the
school.
(4) find out whether there is any
relationship between teachers’ experience and human resource planning in the
schools.
(5) examine whether there is a gender
difference in the academic performance of students due to planning management
of human resource in the schools.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions were raised in this study:
(1) Does management of human resource
affect the utilization of educational resources in the school?
(2) Is there any relationship between
management of human resource and their implementation?
(3) Does any relationship exists between
management of human resource and teachers’ productivity in the school?
(4) Is there any relationship between
teachers’ experience and management of human resource in secondary schools?
(5) Is there gender difference in the
academic performance of students due to management of human resource in
secondary schools?
Research
Hypotheses
The
following research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study:
(1) There will be no significant
relationship between human resource management and utilization of educational
resources in the school.
(2) There will be no significant
relationship between human resource management and their implementation in the
school.
(3) There will be no significant relationship
between human resource management and teachers’ productivity in the school?
(4) There will be no significant
relationship between teachers’ experience and human resource management in
secondary schools.
(5) There will be no significant gender
difference in the academic achievement of students due to human resource
management in schools.
Significance
of the Study
The study
will be beneficial to all stakeholders in the Nigerian school system for
example the school authorities and the stakeholders in our educational sector
at the secondary school level would find this study very useful because it will
generate good information on the way forward to planning and management of
educational resources in our various schools. Not only the school authorities,
the teachers who are one of the most important and prominent stakeholders in
Nigerian educational system, would be able to receive proper and better
information on the effect of planning and management of educational resources
for example, this study will afford them the opportunity of knowing how to
effectively use the planned educational resources in their teaching and
learning processes in the school.
With the
findings and recommendations of this study, administrators of our educational
system including educational planners, would be able to see the need to plan
well the educational resources, because, guiding their usefulness, if the
educational resources are not properly planned and adequately executed by the
school administrators, it will result in low productivity of teachers in the
schools.
This study
will be very informative, educative and directional, in the sense that, it will
help the school managers/administrators and school planners to redirect their
system of thinking and planning for effective education of the Nigerian child.
The findings
and recommendations of this study will afford school authorities and other
stakeholders the opportunity of knowing the best way to plan educational resources
and enough insights on how best to implement and manage the planned educational
resources in the school system effectively.
This work if
completed, will serve as reference material to researchers and students. This
is because, they would use this material or part of it in their future studies
or researches. Also, this study will be relevant to other agencies of our
educational system, because it will help them to understand and appreciate the
effect of educational planning on productivity of school teachers in Nigeria.
The Scope of
the Study
This study
examines the human resources management and high performance secondary school
organisation in Lagos State.
Definition
of Terms
In this
study, terms were categorically defined thus:
Financial
Resource: These are the monetary inputs available for and expended on the
education system. These are usually referred to as cost of and expenditure on
education.
Physical
Resource: These include buildings, classrooms, laboratories, libraries,
hostels, administrative staff offices, technical equipment, reprographic
equipment and other physical plant like machines, vehicles, computer sets,
typewriters duplicating and photocopy machines.
Human
Resource: These refer to students, teachers, administrative staff, supervisory
staff, from the ministry of education, guidance counsellors, school managers
and others.
School
Programme: This refers to the activities, events or programmes that place in
the school environment such as orientation programmes, workshops, seminars or
in-house programmes of the school.
School
Plant: This refers to educational resources or every thing concerning the
school or education which includes school buildings, classrooms, assembly halls
and other general facilities in the school.
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