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THE EFFECT
OF SINGLE PARENTHOOD ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT AMONG STUDENTS IN JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This study
examined the effect of single parenthood on learning achievement among students
in junior secondary schools. In carrying out the research, five research
questions were asked to give directions. The participants for the study
consisted of one hundred students randomly selected from two junior secondary
schools in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State. the instrument used in
data collection was questionnaire developed by the researcher. The data
collected were statistically analysed using simple percentage. The result of
the analysis revealed that parents’ socio-economic status, failure to provide
learning materials and financial problems and economic hardship are factors
that influences the learning achievement of student’s in school. Based on these findings, certain
recommendations are made towards improving student’s learning achievement.
Among these recommendations are parents devoting more time and condusive
environment for their children, provision of needed facilities, equipment and
infrastructure by the government.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Single
parenthood is a very important social issue that can have significant effect on
a child’s learning achievement and academic success. Children who are raised in
a single family home are at risk of not reaching their full potential. Students
within our educational system encounter many challenges in their family lives
that they bring with them into the classroom.
The family
structure, ideally provides a sense of security and stability which is
necessary for the children. When there is a breakdown in the family structure,
it sometimes have a tremendous effect on the child and his ability to function
ordinarily or learn. In most situations, the child no longer has two parents to
depend on. With limited finances, time and availability parents are likely to
provide the necessary and adequate support to the child for them to provide to
the best of their abilities.
Throughout
the years, single parent families have been no increase. Therefore, there is a
tremendous growth in the number of children of single parents. Udansky, (2008)
identifies single parenting as a major social problem on the rise.
Yongm and
Yuanzhange (2008), makes clear that in some cases children who experience
separation or divorce do not always perform well or have low learning
achievement. Downey (1994), says that students from two parent families are
consequently outperforming their peers who happen to live in single parent home
There are several factors that affect the learning
achievement of students in junior secondary schools, these factors may be the
internal state of the student which include intelligence, motivation, state of
health, etc. or the students environment which include availability of suitable
learning environment, adequate learning infrastructures like textbooks and well
equipped library.
The home is
an essential element in the emotional development of a child. The type of home
setting and situation always have an effect on the learning achievement of the
children in the school.
For example,
aggressiveness and delinquency is usually associated with children that comes
from a single parenthood family structure
are usually maladjusted than children from a two parent or stable home.
It has been shown from research that most children from single parent family
are not always emotionally stable like children who comes from a complete or
two family structure.
In order to
properly understand why some students `behave the way they do, the teacher
needs to engage in house visitation to individual student’s houses which will enable
the teacher to understand how to deal with children from single parent
household.
Single
parenthood can eventually lead to drop-out of school of children. This could be
as a result of matrimonial responsible, on either the part of the father or
mother and when such parents separate, it affects the psychological appearance
of such child or children. There is less parental care and this makes the child
or children to be morally degraded which eventually leads to moral decadence
exhibited by child in the school.
In view of
the above, there is need for the researcher to critically examine the effect of
single parenthood on leaning achievement among students in Odeda Local
Government Area of Ogun State.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Over the y
ears, the major interest of parents, teachers, counsellors, psychologists,
researchers and school administrators have been to find out the factors that
influence the learning achievement of students. This was as a result of the
continuous fall in the standard of education in the country.
There are
several factors that affect the leaning achievement of students in junior
secondary schools, these factors may be
the internal state of student which include intelligence, motivation,
state of health etc of the student environment, adequate learning
infrastructure like textbooks and well equipped library.
There are
many students within the school system that comes from single parent family and
due to many issues that emanates from
single family model, some students are unable to reach their potentials. As the
single parent model rapidly becomes the norm; it is necessary for the
researches to find away to address these issues so as to provide students and
parents with solution to help them achieve to their highest ability.
It is also
being suggested that single parenthood could be responsible for students
learning achievement.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the research is to
establish the following:
i To determine the level to which single
parenthood effects the learning achievement of students.
ii. To determine the implications of single
parenthood on learning achievement of male and female student in junior
secondary schools.
iii. To provide solutions to problems of single
parenthood in order to have a positive effect on the learning achievement of
students
iv. To suggest ways by which parents, guardians
and teachers can influence positively students from single parenthood to
achieve high learning abilities and academic achievement.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i. Is there any relationship between
learning achievement of students and single parenthood?
ii. How does single parenthood results into
moral decadence?
iii To what extent has solutions been
preferred to problems of single parenthood?.
iv. Is there any relationship between the
success of a child and the type of
family such child comes form?
v. To what extent has teachers,
guardians, government ant counsellors strove to help children from single
parenthood family towards achieving effective learning?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will enable us to
understand that a child’s future is determined by the family which comprises of
the father and mother’s love and affection and also how the parent carries out
their responsibilities on the child.
It will also
show the importance of parent’s care and attention on the leaning achievement
of the child. It will also enable us to know the relevance of home in the child
life.
Secondary, since education plays a
vital role in the development of a nation and only the educated individual are
referred to as the resources for impressive national development, then any
problem of learning achievement in the society is a national problem.
Thirdly, it will enable the teacher
to know the problem and implication of single parenthood on learning
achievement so as to be able to take proper care of child or children that
falls into these groups of family structure.
Fourthly, this study will show how
to maintain marriage in order to eradicate problems of single parenthood in the
society.
Lastly, the result of this research
work will inspire the appropriate authorities which include teachers, parents
guardians, counsellors and government on how to improve the learning abilities
of the students in order for them to attain an effective learning achievement.
1.6 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The research specifically examines
the effects of single parenthood on learning achievement among students in
Junior Secondary Schools in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Single
parenthood: Is a parent who cares for one or more children without the physical
assistance of the other biological parent in the home.
Learning:
Learning as viewed by (Illeris, 2000; Ormorod, 1995) is a process of bringing
together cognitive, emotional and environmental influences and experiences for
acquiring, enhancing or making changes in one’s knowledge, skill, value and
world.
Achievement:
This is doing what one wishes to do within one’s bound of the law.
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