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THE STATE OF
THE ART ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE PROVISION AND CONTROL
ABSTRACT
The study
investigates and assesses the provision and control of educational resources
and its effect on students’ academic performance in Lagos education district
II. The study was a descriptive survey of correlation type. The sample of
respondents for the study comprised of male and female principals and teachers
in all the sampled schools for the study. However, simple random sampling
procedure was adopted to select twenty-five (25) respondents (principals and
teachers) from each school, making a total of One Hundred and fifty (150)
respondents for the study. A questionnaire entitled “Educational Resource
provision and control Questionnaire” (ERPCQ) was used to elicit information
from the principals and teachers of the sampled secondary schools while the final
results of senior Secondary Certificate
Examination (SSCE) for three years (2010 to 2012) session was also used to
determine the students’ academic performance. Four research questions were
formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Pearson Product Moment
Correlation statistic technique was used for testing the hypotheses. The result
of the study revealed that a significance relationship exist between
educational resources variables such as human resources and physical resources
have significant effect on students’ academic performance while financial
resources has no significant effect on students’ academic performance. Based on
the result of the study, the following recommendations were made, among others:
resources need for education should be made available by the government,
non-governmental organization and private individuals. Principals in senior
secondary schools should be encouraged to have postgraduate degree in
educational management. Teachers should be given more opportunity for capacity
development through seminar, workshops and access to e-library.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Education in
its general sense is a form of learning which the knowledge, skills and habits
of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through
teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the
guidance of other, but may also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a
formative effect on the way one thinks feels or acts may be considered
educational. Formal schooling or education is commonly divided into stages such
as preschool, primary school, secondary school and then college, university or
apprenticeship. However, education has been identified as a vital tool for any
nation’s development; it has great social benefits especially in the modern,
complex industrialized societies. Philosophers of all periods, beginning with
ancient stages, devolved to it greats deal of attention. Accordingly, various
theories regarding its nature and objectives have come into being. Thus, the
right to education has been recognized by various governments. At the global
level, article 13 of the United Nations’ 1966 international covenant on
economic, social and cultural rights recognizes the right to everyone to an
education. In most countries today, education is compulsory for all children up
to a certain age.
Education
acts as integrative force in society by communicating value that unites
different sections of society. The family may fail to provide the child the
essential knowledge of the social skills and value of the wider society. The
educational institutions can help the child to learn new skills and learn to
interact with people of different social backgrounds. Individuals must have
personalities shaped or fashioned in ways that fit into the culture and norms
of the society. Education has the functions of the formation of social
personalities. Education also helps in transmitting cultures through proper
molding of social personalities in this way; it contributes to the integration
to survive and reproduce them. Moreover, education aims at reformation of
attitudes wrongly developed by children already. For various reasons the child
may have absorbed a host of attitudes, belief and disbelief, loyalties and
prejudices, jealousy and hatred, etc. these are to be reformed. It is the
function of education to see that unfolded beliefs, illogical prejudices and
unreasoned loyalties are removed from the child’s mind, though the school has
its own limitation in this regards, it is expected to continue its effort in
reforming the attitudes of the child. Educational institutions instills
co-operative values through civic and patriotic is upon personal competition.
Conferring of status is one of the most important functions of education. The
amount of education one has is correlated with his class position. Clearly,
education trains in skills that are required by the economy. The relation
between the economy growth and education can be an exact one. For instance, the
number and productive capacity of engineering firms are limited by the numbers
of engineers produced by education. In planned economy, normally it is planned
years in advance to produce a definite number of doctors, engineers, teachers,
technicians, scientist, etc. to meet the social and economic needs of the
society. Education also fosters participants’ democracy. Participant’s
democracy in any large and complex society depends on literacy. Hence,
education helps in the training of the knowledge, mind, skill and character of
an individual. Literacy allows full participation of the people in democratic
processes and effecting voting. Literacy is a product of education. Educational
system has this economic as well as political significance.
Creating standard
based schools that are accountable for helping all students reach higher level
of achievements and the attainment of educational growth and objectives as
stipulated in the national policy on education (2004) requires schools and
relevant education districts to adequately provide and controls educational
resources. In essence, educational resources are materials both (human and
capital) which are utilize in other to achieve the goals objectives of
education – especially conducive teaching/learning environment, instructional
materials readily available to enhance teaching/learning. Adequate textbooks to
teach core subjects. Competent staffs to carry out the instructional activities
in the classroom and among many others. With the creation of Lagos state in
1967, the ministry of education and community development was set up as one of
the ministries created at the time. It immediately took over the gigantic task
of administering the inherited educational system using professional and
administrative staff transferred to the new state from the federal and western
region ministries of education. The ministry at that time was patterned after
the system of the old western region which had an inspectorate (now quality
assurance) division as its professional arm of the ministry. Education service
in Lagos state is delivered through agencies, boards and districts. Education
districts in Lagos state supports schools in becoming increasingly better in
other to achieve the stated goals and objectives of schools under its
jurisdiction, they also identify the needs of the school. Worldwide, a number
of schools have recognizes the allocation of resources to make dramatic
improvements in students’ achievement. These high performing schools organizes
teaching staffs and students to allow for small group sizes and more personal
attention. These schools put more resources in prevention than remediation. All
educators and other adults in the school have an explicit role in supporting
students learning and new staff members fit the needs and culture of the
school. The school provides significant time and funds for professional
development. Technology is integrated into the curriculum, all schools programs
and funds support the overall school improvement design. If schools have enough
educational resources allocated to it and adequately controlled by relevant
authorities, instruction becomes easy and product of such school will be of
high quality. Availability and control of educational resources are ingredients
that are vital for the provision of social needs in students. Students
effective domain will be impaired if they do not have good social interaction
with these identified elements of schooling. Learning however can be seen as
modification of behavior which takes place through simulating contacts with
environment in or outside the school. Therefore, provision and control of
adequate educational resources such as quality staffs, time, money, teaching
and learning aids, instructional materials and among many others are very essential.
With these
facts been acknowledged schools in Lagos state education district II which is
the focus of this research work lack access to adequate provision and control
of educational resources. In the case it is provided, it is usually in low
supply and is not well managed and controlled. A particular reference to the
mission statements of the Lagos state ministry of education is “to provide high
quality education, accessible to all learners through effective and efficient
management of resources for the attainment of self-reliance and socio-economic
development. Hence, the above vis-Ã -vis, the reality on ground with cognizance
to the Lagos state education district II which is the focus herein tells that
there is a problem that requires dramatic measures as matter of urgency. Thus,
when we examined the afore-explained provision and control of educational needs
which are important to have a qualitative education in relation to what we have
on ground in the district in focus, we will discover a huge discrepancy which
needs to be looked into, one which renders the mission statements of the
ministry of education fallacious.
1.2Statement
of the Problem
Flowing from
the background to the study, and having explained in the above what education
is as well as the need for adequate provisions and control of educational
resources, it is important to note herein that schools under the administration
of Lagos state education district II do not have access to certain provision of
educational resources and in the case it is provided, it is not properly
managed and controlled. However, the space to learn is one of the basic
elements necessary to ensure access to education; in our society today, most of
our school facilities are deteriorating and are not conducive for learning:
Olaniyonu (2006). For instance, in a survey carried out by the European
investment Bank 2010, it was reported that the nature of education offered by
any school can be ascribed to the availability of adequate educational
resource, in essence students’ academic and social performance are affected by
adequate provision and control of educational resources. One of the essential
aspects of universal basic education (U.B.E) implementation strategies is to
forestall the deteriorating state of school infrastructure and improve access
to education. To what extent is the government responding to this problem?
However, the concern of this researcher is to assess the provision and control
of educational resources in Lagos state education district II.
1.3 purpose of the study
The general
purpose of the study is to investigate and assess the provision and control of
educational resources and its effect on students academic performance in Lagos
state education district II.
Specifically,
the purpose of the study includes:
1. To examine the relationship between the
provision and control of educational resources in schools under Lagos state
education district II on the attainment of students academic performance.
2. To ascertain the availability of new
training technologies for instructions in schools under the Lagos state
education district II.
3. To explain the extent to which the enrolment
of pupils in schools under Lagos education district II match the available
educational resources.
4. To determine the extent instructional
facilities made available influence teaching of different subjects in schools
under Lagos state education district II.
1.4Research
Questions
1. Are there
any significant relationships between educational resources and students
academic performance in Lagos education district II?
2. Is there any significant relationship
between material resource provision, utilization and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II?
3. What is the relationship between the
availability and control of physical resources and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II?
4. Is there any relationship between the
availability and utilization of financial resources and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II?
1.5 Objectives of the Study
1. To examine if there are there any
significant relationships between educational resources and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II.
2. To find out if there any significant
relationship between material resource provision, utilization and students
academic performance in Lagos education district II.
3. To explain what is the relationship between
the availability and control of physical resources and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II
4. To find out if there are any relationship
between the availability and utilization of financial resources and students
academic performance in Lagos education district II
1.6 Significance of the study
It is
anticipated the study will provides useful information to policy makers in
Lagos state, especially in education district II, not only on how to make
provision for high standard of educational resources but on how to cultivate
maintenance culture. It will also motivate the state government to see the need
to make yearly inventory of available infrastructure in relation to admission
into secondary schools in education district II since such inventory will aid
the provision of enough accommodation for student’s educational programs. This study will intimate people’s knowledge
of how to appreciate values and sensitize them on how to equate high standard
with effective instructions. This study promotes awareness on the process of
planning public facilities; it intends to bring about improvements in the
culture of school planning and management. It will assist government and
educational planners to realize the extent to which constant provision and
adequate control of educational resources would enhances instructions.
1.7Scope and
delimitation of the study
This study
is an evaluation study on the available resources in junior secondary schools
in Lagos state education district II and how they comply with the expected
mission statement of the Lagos state Ministry of Education. The study includes
both public and private junior secondary schools in education district II. The
study also focus on both human and material resources such as physical
facilities, fiscal facilities, instructional and school environment in Lagos
state education district II only.
1.8 Research Design
This study
will adopt the descriptive survey research design. Descriptive survey was
considered suitable for this study because it looks with intense accuracy at
the phenomenon in question and describes exactly what the researcher sees on
ground, in terms of educational resources.
1.9 Population of the study
The
population of the study will consist of all selected public secondary schools
in Lagos education district II. Simple random sampling procedure was adopted to
select twenty-five (25) respondents (principals and teachers) from each school,
making a total of One Hundred and fifty (150) respondents for the study.
1.10Sample
and Sampling technique
The simple
random sampling method was used to select the schools under each local
government in the district. Simple random sampling technique was adopted to
select twenty-five from each school.
1.11 Research Instrument
The
instrument will be designed by the researcher to assess the level of adequacy
of educational resources available in selected schools. Educational resource
provision and control questionnaire (ERPCQ) will be used.
1.12 Data Analysis
The
researcher will observe all educational resources available in selected
schools. Data will be displayed in a tabular form and analyzed in chapter four
of this study.
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