SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY: A DEPENDENT VARIABLE TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OFANAMBRA STATE FROM 2007 – 2009)
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SUSTAINABLE
DEMOCRACY: A DEPENDENT VARIABLE TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (A
CASE STUDY OFANAMBRA
STATE FROM
2007 – 2009)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
Chapter one
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2
Statement of
the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4. Significance of the study
1.4 Research questions.
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Scope of
the Study
1.8 Definition
of Terms
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
Brief introduction
2.1 Concept of Nation Development
2.2 Induces of Nation Development
2.3 Strategies of National Development
2.4 Concept of Democracy and sustainable democracy.
2.5 Factors militating Against sustainable Democracy
2.6 Solution to the problems of Democracy.
2.7 National Development in Anambra.
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology
A brief out line of the study
3.1. Design of the study
3.2. Area of the study
3.3. Population of the study.
3.4. Sample of the study
3.5. Instrument for data collection
3.6. Validation of the instrument
3.7. Distribution and retrieval of the instrument
3.8. Method of data analysis
Chapter Four
4.0 Data presentation and Analysis
4.1 Presentation and interpretation of data According
to research Questions.
Chapter five
Summary, conclusion and
Recommendation
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Limitation of the study
5.5 Suggestion for further research
Reference
Appendix A __
Letter
Appendix B __ Questionnaires
ABSTRACT
THE PRIMARY AIM OF THIS RESEARCH
WORK IS TO DEEPLY INVESTIGATE AND IDENTIFY THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY IN ANAMBRA STATE, AND HOW THEIR ATTITUDE
FOSTER, ENCOURAGE, PROMOTE OR RETARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA SINCE THE
FORMATION OF THE ANIDS. TO CONDUCT A THOROUGH RESEARCH, THE RESEARCHER SAMPLED
THE POPULATION AND THOSE CHOSEN WERE
ADMINISTERED WITH QUESTIONNIRE. THERE FINDINGS WERE ANALYZED USING SIMPLE PERCENTAGE
METHOD. BASED ON THE ANALYSES THE RESEARCHER FOUND THAT ANAMBRA STATE
WITH A LAUDABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY THAT IS DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AND WHICH HAS
THE PEOPLES INTEREST AT HEART. SEQUEL TO THE ABOVE, THE RESEARCHER RECOMMENDED
THAT GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUPPORT AND ASSIST BOTH FINANCIALLY AND OTHERWISE TO THE
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS INITIATED AND EXECUTED BY THE ANAMBRA STATE GOVERNMENT
WHICH ARE IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE PEOPLE TO FOSTER NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND
SUSTAINABLE DEMOCTRACY. IN CONCLUSION, THEREFORE, THE ROLE OF ANIDS SHOULD BE
WELL COMED BY THE PEOPLE OF ANAMBRA
STATE FOR THE INTEREST OF
MAINTAINING THEIR STATUS QUO IN THE AREA OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND
SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY.
CHAPTER TWO
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Sustainable democracy a dependent variable to national development
cannot be over emphasized in the sense that National development is the bedrock
of every nation. Whether developed or underdeveloped in the nation. They still
work towards improving or maintaining their national development.
National
development is also the gradual manifestation of positive changes in the
economic, industrial, political, social, cultural and administrative life of a
country. In viewing the process of a country, term national development is more
comprehensive than economic development or economic growth.
Democracy
on the other hand is a system of government which gives periodic opportunities
for the masses to choose their leaders. It ensures massive participation in governmental
activities. A sustainable democracy is therefore a controlled reasonably high
and stable level of democracy.
Having
seen the meaning of the two concepts, that is National development and
sustainable democracy, it is of no doubt that sustainable democracy will help
increase the rate of national development because of the special feature of
democracy.
The
aim of this research is to show how sustainable democracy improves national
development in Anambra State. Also, the barriers to sustainable
democracy will not be left out.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A critical study on sustainable democracy and
national development has shown that sustainable democracy is crucial for
national development. They manifested in the context of Anambra State
from 2007-2009 where Peter Obi’s administration made a tremendous efforts to
carry out and execute development projects for the national development. As a
matter of facts, it becomes paramount important that in order for Obi’s
administration to achieve his aim of bringing sustainable democracy in Anambra
state so as to foster national development he introduced Anambra integrated
development strategy (ANIDS) which serves as machinery to carryout
developmental projects.
There are however, studies which have demonstrated how
political, united and harmonies Anambra people have through this strategy,
achieving national development without waiting for the central government to
take initiative.
It is
believed that national development and sustainable democracy in Anambra state
is now on its climax since the inception of Anambra integrated development
strategy (ANIDS). But before I delineate (describe) the identifiable
developments attained in Anambra through this strategy in order to achieve
sustainable democracy, let us look into and examine what development is all
about.
The concept
of development is as old as the creation of man immediately after the creation
of man and the emergence of his consciousness in his environment of operation.
It become very obvious to him that his immediate secular environment possess a
crude nature. A nature, which in its character, is against the existentiality
of man, hinges on his three basic needs which are food, shelter and clothing
consequently, for man to eat, he must hunt, gather fruits and develop
agricultural technology for him to be sheltered, he must build houses and
develop contraction technology, for him to cloth, he must make his cloth and
develop manufacturing and mining technology. This implies that development in
human socio-economic environment hinges on technological base will enable man
to surmount these environmental obstacles that are problems to his existence.
One
of the greatest problems of the developing countries is development. This is
the more reason why it occupies a part of every national discussion with much
emphasis of it pursued through planning. The problems of development are
permeating that it affects every sector of the economy as well as individuals.
Todano
(1985) in his own view defined development as a multi-dimensional process
involving the re-organization and re-orientation of the entire economic and
social system. This involves in addition to improvement of income and output,
radical changes in institutional, social and administrative structure as well
as in popular attitudes custom and beliefs. Development is then both a physical
process and a state of mind, involving the transformation of institution and
the change in the thinking of people.
Abah
(2000:1) Sees development as a tri-dimensional concept having a utilitarian or
consumatory dimension which connotes increase in the quantity of usable items
available to man in society. Based on the above interpretation of development,
one can see development as a social change in which new ideas are introduced
into a social system thereby bringing change in the parameters of political,
economical and socio-cultural.
On
the same view, Rodney (1972) sees development both from the level of individual
and that of the society as a whole. At level of the individual, development
implies increased skill and capacity, greater freedom, creativity, self
disciplined, responsibility and material well being on the level of the
society, development cannot be seen purely as an economic affair, but rather as
an overall social process, which is dependent upon the outcome of man’s efforts
to deal with his national environment.
From
what we have said so far concerning development, I would not hesitate to say
that ANIDS Introduced by Peter Obi’s administration have been able to effect
some changes in national development and sustainable democracy in some of the
areas mentioned in discussed in the national development of Anambra.
Anambra
state was created in the year 1991 with 21 Local Government Authorities (L.G.A)
It shares a common boundary with Abia, Delta, Enugu, Imo and Kogi states.
The
state is well known for its industrial centers and markets, with 75% of the
state involved in Agriculture located in the south-East region of Nigeria,
Anambra state is the center of the major transport routes in Nigeria Onitsha
Expressway and the Onitsha Owerri highway. The position of the state makes it a
focal point for transport and trade in Nigeria.
Leadership of the state, started from the creation
with the military regime meanwhile the democratic governance of the state
started with Dr. Chukwuemeka Ezeife (Okwadike Igboukwu) through military
toppled the nascent democracy till 1999 when Dr. Chinwoke Mbadinuju emerged as
the Governor till 2003, when another election was conducted in order to
replaced the then Government. The April 2003, election saw Dr. Nwabueze Ngige
(MOON) into power instead of Mr. Peter Obi as the case may be. Then in June 14th 2006,
the appeal and supreme count granted Mr. Obi the power to the power to be the
governor of Anambra state. Hence as an astute and efficient administrator, he
Peter Obi formed Anambra state integrated Development strategy (ANIDS) as an
umbrella for all development of all programmes throughout his tenure ANIDS is
like a vehicle for the delivery of the millennium Development of all sectors of
the economy, it is also a realizable strategy for Anambra people to attained
their sustainable democracy.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It
is a notable fact that sustainable democracy and national development in
Anambra state confronted by numerous problems on a close observation of
development in Anambra state, one notice that the problem faced by sustainable
democracy and national development is on its great magnitude.
There
has been the problem of corruption, the representatives when corrupt willing
elections to their own advantage thereby working against the democratic feature
which says that elections should be free and fair, corruption will contribute
to the backwardness of state.
Secondly,
dependency of the judiciary is another problem confronting the sustainable
democracy and national development of the state. Even when a democratic
government is claimed to be operating, the judiciary that ought to be
independence still dances the tune of both the executive and judiciary. they
are being bribed in the discharge of their duty thereby military against
sustainable democracy which will deplete the plans have in mind for national
development.
In Nigeria,
equality before the law as characteristics of democracy is practiced only in
paper not practical some top government officials break the laws on daily
basis, yet go Scot-free. The facts that these top officials are not charged to
court while in office makes them see themselves as people above the law and
hinder the effective functioning of sustainable democracy.
The
press is not free to let loose some information that will be of paramount
importance to the public due to fear of favour. They only say what they are
asked to say, by so doing, sustainable democracy cannot be achieved.
Finally,
most of the populations are ignorant and doubt even knows their rights and they
are trampled upon.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
purpose of this research is to evaluate sustainable democracy as dependent
variable for the attainment of national development using Peter Obi’s administration
in Anambra state from 2007-2009.
A
critical analysis of this will help the federal government to know their weak
points concerning those things they have to do in order to foster national
development in different states of the federation. The objectives of this study
therefore are aimed at.
1. Identify the problem that militates
against sustainable democracy and
national development in Anambra
State.
2. Examine
how the people in Anambra state are courage to embrace national development in
their areas.
3. Identifying the areas the Obi’s
administration has played cure role in bringing national development to the
state.
4.
Suggesting measure of solution through which the
problems militating against national development and sustainable democracy in
Anambra state could be alleviated.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
It
is wise and important to mention that study dealt primarily in national
development and sustainable democracy in Anambra state. It is also important to
mention that this research was undertaken essentially to know how far national
development has played it role in bringing sustainable democracy in the state.
However,
this research shows how states can strategize for development and ways to
attain it. Again, the academic and all future generations of people who may
wish to undertake a study in the discipline or related discipline.
Finally,
this study is significance because the statement finding and recommendation of
the study enable the governor in the state to learn from other people mistakes
and effects changes where necessary.
1.5 RESEARCH
QUESTION
In
pursuance of the research work the researcher deemed it necessary to formulate
research questions. Thus these research questions will enable any reader of
this work to comprehend clearly what the study is all about.
1. To what extent has Anids gone in bringing
about national development and sustainable democracy?
2. What are the problems militating against
the national development and sustainable democracy intended by Anids?
3. Do you think Anids introduced by Peter Obi
is the right strategy for tackling the problems in Anambra state?
4. Which
sectors of Anambra’s economy have felt the impact of Anids?
5.
What do you
think are the problems preventing or delaying the successful implementation of
Anids?
1.6 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
Oruala
(1985:38) stated that an adequate statement of the problem also defines if very
carefully in terms of its scope and it very obvious for a researcher to set
forth the bounds of the topic being studied. These are the essential things in
the scope of a research work. Based on the above issue of sustainable democracy
a dependent variable to national development, the areas t5hat this study is
mostly affected is Anambra people (from 2007-2009)
1.7 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Democracy: Abraham Lincoln, a one time president of the
USA,
defined democracy as government of the people, by the people and for the
people.
Development: The gradual growth of something so that
it becomes more advance, stronger a new event or stage that is likely to affect
what happen in a continuity situation. It could be in political and economic.
Essential: It means completely necessary, extremely
important in a particular situation for a particular activity.
National
Development: Ademolekun
(1986:92) true national development resides in the development of man a process
by which man’s personality is enhanced and that it is that enhanced social
economic transformation of any society.
Sustainable
Democracy: According to Lorimer et al (1995) sustainable democracy means
continued reasonably high and stable level of democracy.
Variable: Oxford
Advanced Learner’s dictionary 6th Edition defined variable as often
changing lively to change.
Dependent: Oxford
Advanced Learner’s dictionary 6th Edition defined dependent as needing
in order to survive or be successful.
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