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IMPACT OF
SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The era of
the teacher being a reservoir of knowledge has past. The world is moving at a
jet speed as a result of advances in technology. Importantly, technology
entails information and communication which may be defined as the handling and
processing of information (texts, images, graphs, instruction) for use by means
of electronic and communication devices such as computer, cameras, telephones
(Oleabhiele, 2015).
The Internet
revolution changed the information world with regard to sharing, speed, storage
and retrieval of information in whatever form regardless of the person’s
location. Through the Internet a number of web technologies emerged, and one
technology that is making waves with regard to information sharing and
communication are the social media networks. The evolution of social media has
cut across all facets of society with its positive and negative impacts. Social
media has transformed and impacted on communication, learning, research and
education in general. Among the vast variety of online tools which are
available for communication, social networking sites (SNS) have become the most
modern and attractive tools for connecting people throughout the world
(Aghazamani, 2010).
Davis et al
(2012), refer to social media technology (SMT) as “web-based and mobile
applications that allow individuals and organizations to create, engage, and
share new use rgenerated or existing content, in digital environments through
multi-way communication”.
Through this
platform, individuals and organizations create profiles, share and exchange
information on various activities and interests. An interesting aspect of
social media is that, it is not limited to desktop or laptop computers but
could be accessed through mobile applications and smart phones making it very
accessible and easy to use. Examples of these social media platforms both on
the web and mobile application include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Whatsapp,
Instagram, blogs etc.
Communicating
through the internet and social networking websites is quite different from
communicating in person-to-person situation. When users communicate through
these websites, they use things like instant message (IM) and chatting as well
as status or Twitter updates to talk to friends and express themselves
(Kaitlin, 2010). Kaitlin (2010) further opines that social networking websites
also affect the way we receive information and news. The sites open up
different portals through which we get information and create more diverse news
outlets.
The use of
social media (like facebook, Youtube, twitter and whatsapp) by secondary school
students today is resulting to mass failure of students in academic achievement
(David, 2014). This is because students these days spend more time chatting
with their friends rather than engaging in research or reading their books. A
growing number of Nigerian scholars agree that addiction to social media sites
have become a distractive technology to students’ academic work in higher
education. Among the scholar is Oluwatoyin (2011) who surveyed 1,860 Facebook
users from the Lagos State University and found that 90percent of the students
could not get up to cumulative grade point average (CGPA) above 3.50 because
they had spent a large part of their time on social media than on their home
work and study time (which could contribute to higher grade).
Social media
plays a variety of roles in education as highlighted by Al-Khalifa and Garcia
(2013) which include providing a medium to share ideas and opinions as well as
allowing students to build their own communities to collaborate with each
other. As stated by Ndaku (2013), students spend a lot of time on social
networking sites than in their academic activities and this affects their
academic performance.
There have
been a lot of debates on various platforms and media as to the impact that
social media has on society and specifically, its effect on education. Some of
these studies found a drop in students’ grades and academic performance, and
lack of time for studies as consequences of social media network participation
(Banquil et al, 2009; Kirschner and Karpinski, 2010; Ndaku, 2013). On the other
hand, Pasek et al. (2006) “stated that a site-specific culture can both
positively and negatively affect the building of social capital and found that
Facebook usage is not positively associated with lower grades of students and
rather Facebook users scored higher grades”. Kolek and Saunders (2008) did not
find any correlation between GPAs of student users and social network
participation such as Facebook. Rather social network sites (SNS) promote
interactions among students and teachers (Ahmed & Qazi, 2011). Hence, this
study will investigate the impact of social media on students’ academic
performance among senior secondary school students in education district I of
Lagos State.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Since the
advent of social media sites in the 1990s, it is assumed in some quarters that
the academic performance of students is facing a lot of neglect and challenges.
There is a deviation, distraction and divided attention between social
networking activities and their academic work. It is observed that students
devote more attention to social media than they do to their studies.
Secondary
school students particularly in Lagos State are becoming very busy with their
handset and laptops. Social media gives most students access to the Internet
and this has resulted or affected the students’ academics. Through the use of
Facebook, chatting, checking their email, pinging, whatsapp, youtube, and
MySpace students spend lots of time away from studying.
It is
speculated that an average Nigerian youth spends about six to seven hours on
the internet daily, some even do all night browsing. When do they have the time
to read/study their books or undertake research? Literature reviewed shows that
students who use facebook had grade point averages (GPA) between 3.0 and 3.5,
while non-users had grade point averages (GPA) between 3.5 and 4.0. Users of
social media spend one to five hours a week studying, while non-users study 11
to 15 hours per week (Kapinski & Kirschner, 2011).
It is
believed that the use of technology such as internet is one of the most
important factors that can influence educational performance of students
positively or adversely. Many parents and guardians are worried that students
are spending too much time on facebook and other social media sites and have
not enough time to study. Though parents are worried about students’ constant
use of the social media sites, many students continue to utilize these sites on
a daily basis.
Preliminary
investigation and interviews with some teachers and students revealed a number
of challenges in relation to student’s participation on social media networks.
These included a high addiction rate among students which affects their time of
study, the wrong usage of grammar and spelling in social media discourse as
well as distracting students from their studies. Therefore, this research seeks
to explore the impact of social media on students’ academic performance among
senior secondary school students in education district I of Lagos State.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
This study
was conducted with the following objectives:
i. To examine the impact of social
media on academic performance among secondary school students in Lagos State.
ii. To find out the amount of time
students invest into social networking.
iii. To ascertain how the use of social
media is affecting the study habits of students.
iv. To identify the benefits obtained
from using the social media.
1.4 Research Questions
This study
was guided by the following research questions:
Q1: What is the impact of social media on
academic performance among the secondary school students in Lagos State?
Q2: What is the amount of time students
invest into social networking?
Q3: Does the use of social media affect the
study habits of students?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses were formulated to guide the study:
Ho1: There is no significant relationship between
social media and academic performance
among the secondary school students in Lagos State.
Ho2: Student do not invest substantial amount
of time in social networking.
Ho3: There is no significant relationship
between the use of social media and study
habits of students.
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