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PROBLEMS,
PROSPECTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS OF TEACHING/LEARNING YORUBA IN SENIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This work discusses problems, prospects and
possible solutions of teaching/learning yoruba in senior secondary schools. 100
questionnaires were distributed in total among students and teachers from
selected secondary schools in osun state. Interviews and surveys were also
conducted.
The purpose of this study is to
survey the problems, prospects and solutions of teaching/learning Yoruba in
senior secondary schools.
Some schools in Osun state were
used. A total of eighty students were randomly selected. They took part in
filling the questionnaire designed to collect the necessary information from
the students.
Another questionnaire was designed
to be filled by the teachers. Twenty teachers were randomly selected from four
selected secondary schools.
The data collected from the two
questionnaires were subjected to descriptive statistics of frequency and
percentages.
The study was able to bring out
some of problems in the teaching of Yoruba in the senior secondary schools, and
proffer solutions.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the
analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of
analysis
It will be observed therefore that teachers’
technical competence, and availability of teaching and learning facilities have
a strong and significant impact on teaching and learning Yoruba in senior
secondary schools
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study
1.2 Statement of the
Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the
Study
1.4 Significance of
the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and
Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the
Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of
Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Conceptual framework
2.4 Empirical framework
2.5 Theoretical
framework
2.6 Summary of
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring
Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
for Further Study
References
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Language
is the most important evolution that has happened to mankind. This is because
it is central and pervasive in human thought and it helps a person to know and
comprehend what is in the mind of other person. Also, language helps man in his
every day activities and in determining his perception of the world around him.
This is why today; the level of man’s civilization has been as a result of his
possession of a language. Furthermore, it is language that distinguished man
from other members of the animal kingdom. This is because his unique possession
of the art of language has made man to develop progressively over time.
Basically,
language is the medium of meaningful communication. This is because a man
without a language or unable to grasp or speak a language will have a lot to
lose. He would not be able to interact meaningfully with his fellow human
beings. Language is more than just sound because it has meanings to members of
the same speech community. It is different from any other sounds as it has been
developed into vocabularies and it is now presented in both spoken and written
forms.
In
every human culture, language is pivotal because all other aspect of culture
depends on it. This can be seen in the Nigerian situation where there are many
cultures with each of them having their own language within the Nigerian
Community, there are three major cultures or tribes – Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba
and a host of over four hundred other. Each of these language have variants and
dialects which are spoken in one area, with grammar, words and pronunciation
that may be different from other forms of the main language. However, of
concerned to this study is the Yoruba language which is spoken predominantly by
the Yoruba people of south-west of Nigeria. It must at this point be added that
language comes in form of main language and literature.
Literature
is basically a form of language which expresses opinion about the society of
its creation. This was why Tekpetey (1996) stated that literature of a people
represents one of the artistic expressions of the moral and intellectual
aspects of their civilization (which give literary expression to the culture
out of which it grows). Literature within the realm of education is a body of
knowledge which catapults human beings from boredom of the physical world in to
the realm of an idealized world that is filled with both sensual and sensuous
beauty. It depicts man and his environment within a creative mode.
Literature
gives students instruction on genres of oral or written language, as well as
the basic principles of literary appreciation customs and institution. However,
literature at the junior secondary school level is not a subject in its own
right but an aspect of language. This is the case of Yoruba at this particular
level of education. It is meant to complement the Yoruba language.
However,
this integration of Yoruba in the Yoruba language curriculum can pose a lot of
problem to the teaching of the aspect of literature. This is because of such factors
as teacher factor, parental factor and problems that could be created due to
instructional issues in schools. In a situation whereby non-qualified teachers
are made to teach Yoruba language, the technicalities needed to teach
literature aspect of the curriculum maybe absent, and this may hinder students’
interest and achievement in this aspect. Added to this, government places much
premium on English language at the deteriment of indigenous language. For this
reason, much priority is placed on the recruitment of English language
teachers. Along the same line government places special consideration on
English instruction. This can be seen in the rate by which instructional
facilities are supplied for teaching English without much consideration for indigenous
language such as Yoruba.
On
their part, parents do not help matters. This is because not much is done by
the parents in providing instructional text in Yoruba for their child. In such
a situation, the teacher will find it difficult to help students learn the
genre of the Yoruba language through its literature. Apart from this, very few
parent would encourage their children to learn Yoruba language, not to talk of
its literature.
All
the above noted factors among many others would not only affect students
academic performance, but also pose as a problem to the teaching of Yoruba.
It
is in recognition of the above, that a study on problems facing the teaching of
Yoruba written literature in junior secondary schools is carried out.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
According
to Ukeje (1995) no educational system can rise above its teachers and no nation
can rise above its teachers. This assertion helps to portray the importance of
teachers within the educational system in particular and the society in
general.
However,
the teacher would be handicapped when the necessary in puts into the
educational system are absent. Also, teachers are important, but they are not
the only factor that make the educational system move. Government as owners of
schools, parents as donors of students, the school as the location of learning
and the students who receive the education are among the potent factors in the
educational system. Their adequacy or inadequacy can pose problems to the
educational system. Absence of one means problem to the entire system.
In
the teaching of Yoruba at the junior secondary school, all the above factors
can create problems. It is in recognition of the above that this study is
carried out the aim of examining factors that may pose as problems facing the
teaching of Yoruba in Junior secondary Schools.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
This study is carried out with the aim
of investigating into problems facing the teaching of Yoruba in Junior
Secondary Schools for this reason, the specific objective of the study include:
(i) To identify factors that may pose as
problems facing the teaching of Yoruba.
(ii) To determine which among the identified
factors stands as the greatest problems facing the teaching of Yoruba.
(iii) To determine the effects of such problems
on students academic performance of students in J.S.S. Yoruba.
(iv) To reveal the values, skills and habit
that could be instill in students by learning Yoruba.
(v) To develop in students, an
appreciation for both oral and written Yoruba.
(vi) To explore ways of teaching Yoruba
written literature that may foster in students a positive interest and enhance
their achievement in the subject.
1.4 Research Questions
From the above stated objectives of the
study, the following research questions are posed to be answered in the cause
of carrying out this study:
(i) What are the problems facing the teaching
of Yoruba as perceived by students?
(ii) What are the problems facing the teaching
of Yoruba as perceived by Yoruba teachers?
(iii) Would gender of students influence their
perception of problems facing the teaching of Yoruba?
(iv) Would parents educational status influence
students perception of problems facing the teaching of Yoruba.
(v) Would there be any difference in
perception of problems facing the teaching of Yoruba between students from high
and low socio-economic homes.
1.5 Research Hypotheses
Based on the afore-stated research
questions the following are the research hypotheses formulated for the purpose
of this study.
(i) There is no significant difference in
perception of what constitute problems facing the teaching of Yoruba between
students and Yoruba language teachers.
(ii) There is no significant difference in
perception of what constitute problems facing the teaching of Yoruba between
male and female students.
(iii) There is no significant difference in
perception of what constitute problems facing the teaching of Yoruba between
students of educated parents and those of illiterate parents.
(iv) There is no significant difference in
perception not what constituted problems facing the teaching of Yoruba between
students from home with high and low socio-economic status.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is expected to be of
significance, as its outcome would help to identify problems facing the
teaching of Yoruba at the Junior Secondary School level. Specifically, the
outcome of the study would be significant in the following ways:
(i) It would be of assistance to Yoruba
teachers in helping them to seek for ways of presenting Yoruba in such a way
that would foster in students, positive interest in the subject.
(ii) It would help to present to government,
areas that need improvement for an effective teaching of Yoruba.
(iii) It would promote in students, positive
attitude towards Yoruba. Doing this would help to enhance students academic
performance in the subject when their interest has been positively skewed
towards Yoruba.
(iv) It would be of assistance to curriculum
planners as it would help them to design an effective and workable curriculum
that would enable teachers engage in teaching Yoruba effectively.
(v) The
outcome of this study would serve as a point of awareness, in their need to
provide their children with needed instructional materials such as textbook in Yoruba.
(vi) It is expected to be of assistance to future
researchers who may be interested in pedagogy problems of teaching Yoruba.
(vii) It would be a point of reference to
educational policy makers on the actualization of Nigerian language policy in
schools.
1.7Scope
of the Study
This
study was carried out with Osun stateArea of Oyo State. The area has more than
fifteen junior and senior secondary schools and about one hundred and twenty
primary schools. Apart from the above which are public schools, there are also
many private nursery, primary and secondary schools within the area. This is
why teaching is a major occupation among the elite class. However, the most
important economic activities among the people of the area of study are farming
and trading.
The
people of the area are predominantly Yoruba who are rich in culture, custom and
literature. This is why the researcher perceive the area to be ideal for the
study.
1.8 Definition of Terms
For the purpose of this study, the
following terms are defined so as to allow for clarity of expression.
Junior
or Secondary School: This term is used to mean the lower level of secondary
education immediately following primary education and it is undertaken for a
period of three years.
Problem:
This term is used to mean difficulties that may impede the teaching of Yoruba
written literature.
Teaching:
This term is used to mean the process of transferring knowledge from the
teachers to the learners.
Yoruba
language: In this study, the term is used mean a school subject which is taught
inclusive of Yoruba.
Written
Literature: This term is used to mean those aspect of Yoruba language which
consist of genre of poetry, drama and prose in written text and presented as
part of the Junior Secondary School Yoruba language curriculum.
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