THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BIOLOGY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
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THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF BIOLOGY IN
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Biology as a
subject of life and living things needs to taught not just theoretically but
practically for it be functional and to lay the base foundation needed for
science and technological development.
Erickson
(2005) noted that for a science teaching and learning to be effective every
student must be given an opportunity to handle the materials of science and
experience science personally. Biology is the study of life and living things,
so a resourceful teacher does not have any reason for teaching biology,
supporting him Asiabaka(2010:266) education is the key to national development,
it provides the intellectual capability needed by man to enhance the human and
material resource for scientific and technological advancement.
To advice
the objectives of senior secondary education, the teaching and learning process
have to be in order. Thus, Curriculum is planted at different levels of
education system by different people. The curriculum of any school is carried
out for the purpose of bringing about a change in the behavior of students, It
is part of the school academic programme which the school presents to the
student in response to societal demand. According to onyedikachi(2011), in
educational setting it is impossible to teach without tools. We use new tools
to spice up the teaching and learning process to make it possible for students
to teach themselves. This is why Ezekoka(2008) states that instructional
materials constitute an important component in the teaching and learning
environment. She viewed it as the vehicles that carry messages or information
from a transmitting source (teacher) to the receiver (learner).
Since the
objectives of any biology teaching determines the content, materials and
materials needed for achieving such: objectives. The materials use for
enhancing instructional effectiveness are aspect of media employed for
achieving the instructional objectives recent emphasis on teaching and learning
method is on that in which learners are made to have active participation. Active participation of
learners will increase motivation and also minimize abstraction associated with
learning. Thus, increasing learning experiences (Afokloi and Adeleke,
2010:406). This can be facilitated by making use of instructional materials and
resources which can minimize abstraction associated with learning. Teaching can
only be effective when adequate and relevant instructional materials in
teaching.
To this end,
Onasanwa and Omosewo(2011) defined instructional materials as a system
components that may be used as part of instructional process which are used to
disseminate information message and idea or which make possible communicable in
the teaching process.
Teaching
aids are important catalyst of social re-engineering and change in learners.
The role of instructional materials or teaching aid to enhance teaching for
desired social and behavioral changes cannot be fully accomplished without the
use of instructional materials. In modern teaching and learning situation, the
utilization of instructional materials have become prominent because several
experts and scholars are of the view that teaching will be better done if
teaching aids or audio-visual aids are used and skill, students learn better if
they are exposed to use the teaching materials no matter how prototype it would
be.
It is
against this background that the researcher deemed it necessary to investigate
the effect of using instructional materials to teach biology in senior
secondary schools in Orlu local government area of Imo-state.
Statement of
the Problem
The ultimate
goal of any instructional activity is to facilitate effective teaching and
meaningful learning and the teacher is responsible for the translation, and
implementation of educational policies, curriculum,instructional materials
package and assessment of a school outcome. When a curriculum is developed
without adequate support by appropriate and sufficient materials and
information technology support, there is a waste and when teachers are
inadequately trained to interpret the curriculum and to create and use learning
materials there is also a waste (Amoo, 2002). It has been observed that public
schools lack basic instructional facilities, in some cases students are
achieved to buy chalks and other instructional materials for the teaching and
learning process. Consequently, students academic performance have been poor as
it can be seen over the years through public examination and other
examinations. In our senior secondary schools, teaching materials needed for
teaching biology subjects are not made available to teachers and at affordable
price to students where necessary, the teachers and students are therefore
denied of the requisite exposure to such materials. This study therefore pose
as a question, what are the effect of using instructional materials to
teach biology in senior secondary school
in Orlu local government area of Imo-state.
Scope of the
Study
This study
covers all the public secondary schools in Orlu local government area of
Imo-state, thus, investigating the effects or the effectiveness use of
instructional materials to teach biology in senior secondary schools in Orlu
local government area of Imo-state(source: Semb2012). The study will cover the
utilization, functions and constraints, types of Instructional materials.
Purpose of
the Study
The general
purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of use of
instructional materials in teaching biology in senior secondary schools in Orlu
local government Area of Imo-state, but specifically the study will attempt to:
To ascertain if teachers use instructional
materials in teaching and learning of biology in senior secondary schools in
Orlu.
Ascertain the extent to which instructional
material help to facilitate effective teaching and learning and understanding
concepts.
To ascertain the challenges hindering
teachers from using instructional materials in teaching and learning process.
To ascertain how effective teaching and
learning can be achieved in the classroom situation by using instructional
materials.
Significance
of the Study
This study
is significant in many way as I will be beneficial to educational management,
policy makers, teachers and students, through the following ways:
To the
educational managers, state government and federal government, it will enable
them to organize seminars and workshops for teachers soars to improve their
quality of secondary school education. The study will serve as a feed back to
the education sector especially the department of teachers training and
development, curriculum and evaluation.
The findings
of this study if discussed at seminars and workshops in the area of this study,
it will enable teachers have a clear knowledge on effectiveness use of
instructional materials and also learn to take appropriate measure to improve
the situation.
To the
students, the study will help them if adequate instructional materials are
provided, it will help them to reach learning and understanding classroom
instruction very well.
Finally, the
findings of this study will be beneficial to scholars andresearchers since it
will serve as reference materials on the related topics and also show case ways
of improving students academic performance and to achieve better learning.
Research
Questions:
The
researcher formulated the following research questions to guide the study:
Do teachers use instructional materials in
teaching and learning process in secondary schools in Orlu L.G.A?
To what extent do instructional materials
help to facilitate effective teaching and learning and understanding concepts?
What are the challenges hindering teachers
from using instructional materials in teaching and learning process in
secondary schools?
How can effective teaching and learning be
achieved in the classroom situation by using instructional materials?
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